Propuesta didáctica para la resolución de problemas basado en las fases de Polya para el segundo grado de educación primaria
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Date
2015
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Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón
Abstract
El estudio de carácter aplicativo se centra en la fundamentación teórica de la propuesta del filósofo y matemático húngaro George Polya (1965) publicada en su obra “como plantear y resolver problemas” donde expone el modelo secuencial constituido por cuatro eventos: comprender el problema, concebir el plan, ejecutar y examinar la resolución obtenida. Desde este referente se implementa cada evento y se propone la adquisición de la lógica como una estrategia de aprendizaje y uso de las habilidades cognitivas en la práctica de operatividad y verbalización del contenido matemático. La propuesta didáctica incluye diez actividades tipo y destaca el rol de acompañamiento del profesor en contextos interactivos y de Liderazgo compartido en todos y cada una de las situaciones de enseñanza y aprendizaje propuestas por Polya. El contenido curricular del área de matemática correspondiente al III ciclo como intencionalidad orienta el desarrollo y evaluación con énfasis en el proceso contextualizado de cotidianeidad. La secuencia didáctica desarrolladas incluye actividades y material gráfico autoinstructivo que facilitan la evaluación durante el proceso.
The applicative study focuses on the theoretical foundation of the proposal of the Hungarian philosopher and mathematician, George Polya, published in his book "How to solve it” (1965), in which he exposes the sequential model consisting of four principles: understanding the problem, devising the plan, carrying out the plan, and examining the solution obtained. Having this as a reference, each event is implemented and the acquisition of logic as a learning strategy and use of cognitive skills within the practice of effectiveness and verbalization of the mathematical content is proposed. The didactic proposal includes ten type activities and highlights the teacher`s accompaniment role in interactive and leading contexts shared in each and every one of the teaching and learning situations proposed by Polya. The mathematics area curricular content corresponding to 3rd semester intends to guide the development and evaluation with emphasis on the contextualized process of daily life. The developed didactic sequence includes activities and self-instructive visual material, which facilitates the evaluation during the process.
The applicative study focuses on the theoretical foundation of the proposal of the Hungarian philosopher and mathematician, George Polya, published in his book "How to solve it” (1965), in which he exposes the sequential model consisting of four principles: understanding the problem, devising the plan, carrying out the plan, and examining the solution obtained. Having this as a reference, each event is implemented and the acquisition of logic as a learning strategy and use of cognitive skills within the practice of effectiveness and verbalization of the mathematical content is proposed. The didactic proposal includes ten type activities and highlights the teacher`s accompaniment role in interactive and leading contexts shared in each and every one of the teaching and learning situations proposed by Polya. The mathematics area curricular content corresponding to 3rd semester intends to guide the development and evaluation with emphasis on the contextualized process of daily life. The developed didactic sequence includes activities and self-instructive visual material, which facilitates the evaluation during the process.
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Keywords
Resolución de problemas, Enseñanza de las matemáticas, Estrategias educativas, Educación primaria, Educación--Trabajo de investigación