Estrategias de afrontamiento en varones y mujeres con diagnósticos oncológicos de un hospital de Lima Norte
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Fecha
2023
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Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón
Resumen
El objetivo de la investigación fue describir las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los pacientes oncológicos de un hospital de Lima Norte. Colaboraron 200 participantes, hombres y mujeres, de 30 a 85 años con diagnósticos oncológicos. El estudio siguió un diseño empírico con una estrategia descriptiva (Ato et al., 2013) y se utilizó el cuestionario de afrontamiento al estrés en pacientes oncológicos (CAEPO). Ante la ausencia de información sobre las propiedades psicométricas en la población limeña, se desarrollaron evidencias de validez centradas en la estructura interna del cuestionario. Para ello, se reconfiguró la estructura del cuestionario y se obtuvieron adecuados índices de ajuste para el modelo resultante de dos factores (x2/gl=1.46, SRMR=.07,CFI=.091, RMSEA= .04, AIC=9840). No se
encontró evidencia que respalde las siete dimensiones de la estructura teórica del cuestionario; sin embargo, la estructura bidimensional resulta parsimoniosa al organizar las estrategias en adaptativas y desadaptativas. Respecto de los objetivos de la investigación, se encontró que el 22% de los encuestados mostró un nivel bajo de afrontamiento adaptativo; el 54%, un nivel medio (mayor porcentaje); y el 24%, un nivel alto. Por otro lado, en cuanto al afrontamiento desadaptativo, el 18.5% mostró un nivel bajo; el 62.5%, un nivel medio; y el 19%, un nivel alto. Por último, se encontró en los pacientes que el uso de estrategias adaptativas y desadaptativas alcanza un nivel moderado, con un ligero incremento en el uso de estrategias desadaptativas.
The objective of the research was to describe the coping strategies used by cancer patients in a hospital in North Lima, 200 participants, between men and women, from 30 to 85 years old with cancer diagnoses collaborated. The study followed an empirical design with a descriptive strategy (Ato et al., 2013), the Stress Coping Questionnaire in Cancer Patients (CAEPO) was used. Given the absence of information on the psychometric properties in the Lima population, evidence of validity was developed focused on the internal structure of the questionnaire. The structure of the questionnaire was reconfigured, obtaining adequate fit indices for the model resulting from two factors (x2/gl=1.46, SRMR=.07, CFI=.091, RMSEA= .04, AIC=9840). No evidence was found to support the 7 dimensions of the theoretical structure of the questionnaire; however, the two-dimensional structure is parsimonious when organizing the adaptive and maladaptive strategies. Regarding the objectives of the research, it was found that 22% of the respondents showed a low level of adaptive coping, at a medium level 54% being a higher percentage and 24% at a high level; On the other hand, regarding maladaptive coping, 18.5% showed a low level, 62.5% at a medium level and 19% at a high level. Finally, the use of adaptive and maladaptive strategies was found in the patients at a moderate level, with a slight increase in the use of maladaptive strategies.
The objective of the research was to describe the coping strategies used by cancer patients in a hospital in North Lima, 200 participants, between men and women, from 30 to 85 years old with cancer diagnoses collaborated. The study followed an empirical design with a descriptive strategy (Ato et al., 2013), the Stress Coping Questionnaire in Cancer Patients (CAEPO) was used. Given the absence of information on the psychometric properties in the Lima population, evidence of validity was developed focused on the internal structure of the questionnaire. The structure of the questionnaire was reconfigured, obtaining adequate fit indices for the model resulting from two factors (x2/gl=1.46, SRMR=.07, CFI=.091, RMSEA= .04, AIC=9840). No evidence was found to support the 7 dimensions of the theoretical structure of the questionnaire; however, the two-dimensional structure is parsimonious when organizing the adaptive and maladaptive strategies. Regarding the objectives of the research, it was found that 22% of the respondents showed a low level of adaptive coping, at a medium level 54% being a higher percentage and 24% at a high level; On the other hand, regarding maladaptive coping, 18.5% showed a low level, 62.5% at a medium level and 19% at a high level. Finally, the use of adaptive and maladaptive strategies was found in the patients at a moderate level, with a slight increase in the use of maladaptive strategies.
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Psicología--Tesis, Habilidades de afrontamiento, Pacientes incurables, Psicooncología