Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico mediante el método socrático en la enseñanza universitaria de la filosofía
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Date
2023
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Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue explicar las percepciones de los docentes y estudiantes del tercer ciclo de pregrado de las diferentes escuelas de una universidad particular de Lima Metropolitana, de cómo el método socrático, como una estrategia en la enseñanza de la filosofía, contribuye a desarrollar el pensamiento crítico. El enfoque de investigación fue mixto, con predominio del cualitativo, con un diseño fenomenográfico; el nivel es el explicativo; el tipo es sustantiva aplicada. La muestra para la parte cualitativa ha estado constituida por seis grupos totalizando 30 estudiantes y un grupo focal de 4 docentes; y para el aspecto cuantitativo de 104 estudiantes. Se elaboraron cuatro instrumentos: un registro de guía documental del sílabo de filosofía II, una guía de entrevista para estudiantes, una guía de entrevista para docentes y un cuestionario. Los resultados se han organizado siguiendo los objetivos: las preguntas que se hacen en filosofía sí contribuyen a desarrollar la capacidad de discutir (OE1); el recurso a la dialéctica, a la capacidad de tomar decisiones (OE2); y el recurso a la mayéutica, a la capacidad de metacognición (OB3), dimensiones propias del pensamiento crítico. Se llegó a la conclusión de que el método socrático, en sus tres fases (pregunta, dialéctica y mayéutica) sí favorece el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en las capacidades de argumentación, toma de decisiones y metacognición.
The objective of this research was to explain the perceptions of teachers and students of the third undergraduate cycle of the different schools of a private university in Metropolitan Lima, of how the Socratic method, as a strategy in the teaching of philosophy, contributes to develop critical thinking. The resarch was mixed, with a predominance of the qulitative one, with a phenomenographic design; the level is explanatory; the type is applied noun. The sample for the qualitative part has been made up of six groups totaling 30 students and a focus group of 4 teachers; and for the quantitative aspect of 104 students. Four instruments were developed: a documentary guide record of the syllabus of philosophy II, an interview guide for students, an interview guide for teachers and a questionnaire. The results have been organized according to the objectives: the questions that are asked in philosophy do contribute to developing the ability to discuss (OE1); the use of dialectics, to the ability to make decisions (OE2); and the use of maieutics, to the capacity for metacognition (OB3), dimensions of critical thinking. It was concluded that the Socratic method, in its three phases (question, dialectic and maieutics) does favor the development of critical thinking in argumentation, decision-making and metacognition capacities.
The objective of this research was to explain the perceptions of teachers and students of the third undergraduate cycle of the different schools of a private university in Metropolitan Lima, of how the Socratic method, as a strategy in the teaching of philosophy, contributes to develop critical thinking. The resarch was mixed, with a predominance of the qulitative one, with a phenomenographic design; the level is explanatory; the type is applied noun. The sample for the qualitative part has been made up of six groups totaling 30 students and a focus group of 4 teachers; and for the quantitative aspect of 104 students. Four instruments were developed: a documentary guide record of the syllabus of philosophy II, an interview guide for students, an interview guide for teachers and a questionnaire. The results have been organized according to the objectives: the questions that are asked in philosophy do contribute to developing the ability to discuss (OE1); the use of dialectics, to the ability to make decisions (OE2); and the use of maieutics, to the capacity for metacognition (OB3), dimensions of critical thinking. It was concluded that the Socratic method, in its three phases (question, dialectic and maieutics) does favor the development of critical thinking in argumentation, decision-making and metacognition capacities.
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Educación--Tesis, Pensamiento crítico, Enseñanza de la filosofía