Relación entre la calidad de la dieta y presencia de síndrome metabólico en operarios con obesidad
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Date
2023
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Volume Title
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Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón
Abstract
El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre la calidad de la dieta y la presencia de síndrome metabólico en operarios de producción de materiales de construcción que presentan obesidad, en Lima, 2023.
Fue de tipo observacional y correlacional de corte transversal, descriptiva y no experimental. Se aplicó muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia que incluyó a 76 operarios que presentaban obesidad. Para valorar el estado nutricional y la presencia de SM, se utilizó el IMC, perímetro de cintura y pruebas bioquímicas; para valorar la calidad de la dieta el Índice de Calidad Global de Alimentación (ICGA) y Recordatorio de 24 horas; para responder a los objetivos planteados e hipótesis se usó la prueba exacta de Fisher. La edad promedio fue entre 30 y 59 años, perímetro de cintura ≥94 cm (97%), IMC≥30Kg/m2 (100%); presentaron criterios para diagnóstico de SM (33%). El ICGA determinó que el 64% de los operarios con SM requiere cambios en la dieta, mantienen un consumo reducido de frutas y verduras y consumo regular de ultra procesados y bebidas industrializadas. La prueba de Fisher comprobó que la calidad de la dieta está significativamente relacionada con la presencia de SM (p<0,038). Se concluye que, existe una relación directa entre la calidad de la dieta y la presencia de SM en los operarios que presentan obesidad. Se recomienda capacitación nutricional y mejorar la estructura y calidad de la dieta tanto en la empresa como en el hogar, ya que repercuten en la composición corporal y posterior desarrollo de enfermedades metabólicas.
The purpose of this research was to determine if there is a correlation between diet quality and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese workers from a building and construction material producer company in Lima, 2023. It was an observational and correlational, cross-sectional, descriptive and non-experimental study. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was applied and 76 workers with obesity were included. BMI, waist circumference and biochemical tests were used to classify nutritional status and for the diagnostic criteria for MetS; and to assess diet quality, the Global Food Quality Index (GFQI) and 24-hour recall were used to evaluate diet quality; and Fisher's exact test was used to respond to the objectives and hypotheses. The mean age was between 30 and 59 years, waist circumference ≥94 cm (97%), BMI≥30Kg/m2 (100%); 33% presented criteria for diagnosis of MetS. The GFQI determined that 64% of the operators with MetS required dietary changes; they maintained a reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables and a regular consumption of ultra-processed and industrialized beverages. Fisher's exact test found that the quality of the diet is significantly related to the presence of MetS (p<0.038). The investigation concluded that there is a direct relationship between diet quality and the presence of MetS in production workers with obesity. It is recommended to improve the structure and quality of the diet, which have an impact on body composition and the subsequent development of metabolic diseases.
The purpose of this research was to determine if there is a correlation between diet quality and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese workers from a building and construction material producer company in Lima, 2023. It was an observational and correlational, cross-sectional, descriptive and non-experimental study. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was applied and 76 workers with obesity were included. BMI, waist circumference and biochemical tests were used to classify nutritional status and for the diagnostic criteria for MetS; and to assess diet quality, the Global Food Quality Index (GFQI) and 24-hour recall were used to evaluate diet quality; and Fisher's exact test was used to respond to the objectives and hypotheses. The mean age was between 30 and 59 years, waist circumference ≥94 cm (97%), BMI≥30Kg/m2 (100%); 33% presented criteria for diagnosis of MetS. The GFQI determined that 64% of the operators with MetS required dietary changes; they maintained a reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables and a regular consumption of ultra-processed and industrialized beverages. Fisher's exact test found that the quality of the diet is significantly related to the presence of MetS (p<0.038). The investigation concluded that there is a direct relationship between diet quality and the presence of MetS in production workers with obesity. It is recommended to improve the structure and quality of the diet, which have an impact on body composition and the subsequent development of metabolic diseases.
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Keywords
Nutrición--Tesis, Dieta, Síndrome metabólico, Obrero, Obesidad