Caracterización del tocosh de tres variedades de papa (Solarum tuberosum L.) natural, cocido y liofilizado
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Date
2023
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Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón
Abstract
El tocosh es un alimento tradicional de las regiones altoandinas del Perú que se obtiene de la fermentación de papa. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el tocosh de tres variedades de papa en relación con sus propiedades físico-químicos, composición proximal, energía, contenido de polifenoles, actividad antioxidante y perfil microbiológico obtenido del tratamiento natural, cocido y liofilizado. Los métodos utilizados fueron mediante volumetría, gravimetría, espectrofotometría y recuento de microbiano. Los resultados (en base seca) muestran que el contenido de proteínas fue mayor en tocosh de papa Blanca que varió entre 1,65 a 6,44%, mientras que el contenido de cenizas osciló entre 0,78 a 3,50%. Además, el contenido de carbohidratos en las muestras de tocosh fluctuó entre 89,54 a 97,83%. La fracción lipídica fue a favor del tocosh de papa Galleta que varió entre 0,07 a 0,44%. En relación con el contenido de polifenoles el tocosh de papa Walash osciló entre 13,92 a 69,36 mg GAE/100 g, mientras que la actividad antioxidante medida por el radical DPPH y ABTS varío entre 57,59 a 91,81 μmol TE/100 g y 49,82 a 225,95 μmol TE/100 g respectivamente. El recuento de Lactobacillus fue de 13.68 a 14.88 Ln UFC/g para el tocosh natural, mientras que para el tratamiento por cocción y liofilización fue < 10 UFC/g. De acuerdo con nuestros hallazgos concluimos que el tocosh es un excelente recurso de carbohidratos y Lactobacillus, y la liofilización puede ser una alternativa para el diseño de alimentos funcionales y nutraceúticos.
Tocosh is a traditional food from the high Andean regions of Peru that is obtained through the fermentation of potatoes. The objective of this study was to characterize the tocosh of three potato varieties (Walash, Blanca and Galleta) in relation to their physicochemical properties, proximal composition, energy, polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and microbiological profile obtained from natural, cooked and freeze-dried treatment. The methods used were titration, gravimetry, spectrophotometry and microbial count. The results (on a dry basis) show that the protein content was higher in White potato tocosh which varied between 1.65 to 6.44%, while the ash content ranged between 0.78 to 3.50%. Furthermore, carbohydrate content in the tocosh samples ranged from 89.54 to 97.83%. The lipid fraction was in favor of the Galleta potato tocosh, which varied between 0.07 to 0.44%. The methods used were titration, gravimetry, spectrophotometry and microbial count. In relation to the polyphenol content, the Walash potato tocosh ranged from 13.92 to 69.36 mg GAE/100 g, while the antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH and ABTS methods varied between 57.59 at 91.81 μmol TE/100 g and 49.82 to 225.95 μmol TE/100 g respectively. Lactobacillus count varied from 13.68 to 14.88 Ln CFU/g in the tocosh natural, while in the treatment by cooking and freeze-drying was <10 CFU/g. According to our findings, we conclude that tocosh is an excellent source of carbohydrates and Lactobacillus, and the tocosh freeze-drying process can be an alternative for the design of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Tocosh is a traditional food from the high Andean regions of Peru that is obtained through the fermentation of potatoes. The objective of this study was to characterize the tocosh of three potato varieties (Walash, Blanca and Galleta) in relation to their physicochemical properties, proximal composition, energy, polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and microbiological profile obtained from natural, cooked and freeze-dried treatment. The methods used were titration, gravimetry, spectrophotometry and microbial count. The results (on a dry basis) show that the protein content was higher in White potato tocosh which varied between 1.65 to 6.44%, while the ash content ranged between 0.78 to 3.50%. Furthermore, carbohydrate content in the tocosh samples ranged from 89.54 to 97.83%. The lipid fraction was in favor of the Galleta potato tocosh, which varied between 0.07 to 0.44%. The methods used were titration, gravimetry, spectrophotometry and microbial count. In relation to the polyphenol content, the Walash potato tocosh ranged from 13.92 to 69.36 mg GAE/100 g, while the antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH and ABTS methods varied between 57.59 at 91.81 μmol TE/100 g and 49.82 to 225.95 μmol TE/100 g respectively. Lactobacillus count varied from 13.68 to 14.88 Ln CFU/g in the tocosh natural, while in the treatment by cooking and freeze-drying was <10 CFU/g. According to our findings, we conclude that tocosh is an excellent source of carbohydrates and Lactobacillus, and the tocosh freeze-drying process can be an alternative for the design of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Keywords
Nutrición--Tesis, Papas (Tubérculos), Composición de alimentos