Análisis comparativo de la agresividad y asertividad de los adolescentes en instituciones educativas de niveles socioeconómicos diferentes
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Date
2014
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón
Abstract
La presente investigación centra sus objetivos en comparar el nivel de asertividad y agresividad en adolescentes de niveles socioeconómicos diferentes de instituciones educativas de nivel secundario (EBR). El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos instituciones educativas de niveles socioeconómicos diferentes, ubicadas en el distrito de San Borja y Villa María del Triunfo. Los participantes fueron 297 adolescentes, dicha muestra estuvo conformada por 155 mujeres y 142 varones, a quienes se les aplicó la Escala de Comportamiento Asertivo para niños (CABS), que consta de 18 ítems y la Escala de Agresividad que consta de 20 ítems, validada utilizando el criterio de jueces y calculada la confiabilidad a través del alfa de Cronbach. Esta escala presenta situaciones cotidianas, evaluando el comportamiento social en la interacción con sus compañeros. En la investigación se formuló seis hipótesis de las cuales ha quedado confirmado que existen diferencias significativas en la variable asertividad, pues las mujeres son más asertivas que los varones y la población de nivel socioeconómico bajo tiene un comportamiento más asertivo, en tanto las otras hipótesis referentes a diferencias en función al grado escolar, no se aceptan. En relación a la variable agresividad, los varones manifiestan conductas más agresivas en su convivencia escolar. El estudio teórico sustenta que las mujeres son más asertivas debido a los patrones de conducta culturales en relación a su género establecidos socialmente, generando actitudes pasivas y sumisas a diferencia de los varones. Se encontró en las investigaciones que existe relación entre las características del medio social y las manifestaciones de las conductas agresivas-asertivas de los niños demostrando que este comportamiento es aprendido de modelos o escenarios donde conviven.
This research compares the level of assertiveness and aggressiveness in adolescents of varying status of socioeconomic competence of secondary schools. The present study was achieved in two educational institutions of different socioeconomic status located in San Borja and Villa Maria del Triunfo. Participants were 297 adolescents: 155 girls and 142 boys, the measures used were the 18-items Children´s Assertive Behavior Scale (CABS) and the Aggression Scale, composed of 20 items; the sample has been validated using the judgment of experts and its reliability calculated with regard to the Cronbach´s Alpha. This scale presents daily situations, evaluating the social behavior in the interaction with classmates. Through the six hypotheses formulated by the investigation it is confirmed that there are significant differences in the assertiveness variable because girls are more assertive than boys and the population of low socioeconomic status has a more assertive behavior. The other hypotheses referred to differences depending of the school grade are not accepted. In regard to the aggressiveness variable, boys show more aggressive behaviors in school. The study shows that girls are more assertive due to cultural behavior patterns related to their gender by social context, generating passive and submissive attitudes contrary to boy´s behavior. The samples display the relation between the characteristics of social context and the manifestations of assertive-aggressive behaviors in children which indicates that this behavior is learned from patterns or environments where they live.
This research compares the level of assertiveness and aggressiveness in adolescents of varying status of socioeconomic competence of secondary schools. The present study was achieved in two educational institutions of different socioeconomic status located in San Borja and Villa Maria del Triunfo. Participants were 297 adolescents: 155 girls and 142 boys, the measures used were the 18-items Children´s Assertive Behavior Scale (CABS) and the Aggression Scale, composed of 20 items; the sample has been validated using the judgment of experts and its reliability calculated with regard to the Cronbach´s Alpha. This scale presents daily situations, evaluating the social behavior in the interaction with classmates. Through the six hypotheses formulated by the investigation it is confirmed that there are significant differences in the assertiveness variable because girls are more assertive than boys and the population of low socioeconomic status has a more assertive behavior. The other hypotheses referred to differences depending of the school grade are not accepted. In regard to the aggressiveness variable, boys show more aggressive behaviors in school. The study shows that girls are more assertive due to cultural behavior patterns related to their gender by social context, generating passive and submissive attitudes contrary to boy´s behavior. The samples display the relation between the characteristics of social context and the manifestations of assertive-aggressive behaviors in children which indicates that this behavior is learned from patterns or environments where they live.
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Keywords
Agresividad, Asertividad, Adolescente, Psicología--Tesis